Depression
We all experience periods of sadness or low mood, but depression goes beyond these fleeting emotions. Depression is a mental health condition that can impact every aspect of life.
Depression can often be challenging to identify, given the stigma and confusion surrounding the definition of the term. Regardless, depression affects many people across Scotland. According to the Scottish Health Survey, 10% of Scottish adults reported two or more symptoms of depression.
When left untreated however, it can lead to severe consequences. Depression can affect personal relationships, work, or even cause feelings of self-harm or suicidal thoughts. Open conversations and education about depression are crucial to creating a supportive community that encourages early intervention and effective management.
Common myths
depression is just a prolonged period of sadness
Depression is a mental health condition with various symptoms, not just mere sadness. It requires professional attention and a holistic approach to treatment.
only ‘weak’ people experience depression
Depression is not a reflection of character but an interplay of genetic, environmental and biological factors. Understanding and addressing depression involves acknowledging it as a medical condition that requires compassion and support.
people with depression can ‘snap out of it’ if they try hard enough
Depression is not a sign of weakness or a condition that can be overcome by willpower alone. While individuals can adopt coping strategies, seeking professional support is crucial for effective management.
Causes
Depression can be caused by various factors, including:
- Genetic Factors: Family history, like having a history of autism, may increase the risk of developing depression.
- Brain Chemistry Imbalances: Imbalances in neurotransmitters can contribute to depression, which is why people take antidepressants.
- Trauma and Stress: Difficult life events, money worries or chronic stress can trigger depression.
- Physical Health Issues: Chronic illnesses, physical health and overdosing on medication (even antidepressants) can be linked to depression.
Symptoms
The symptoms of depression vary among individuals and may include:
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Changes in appetite or body
- Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia)
- Fatigue and lack of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Delusions and hallucinations, such as hearing voices.
How is depression different from sadness?
Depression and sadness differ in duration, intensity and underlying causes. While sadness is a normal and temporary emotional response to specific events (e.g., failure, loss), depression is a mental health disorder marked by persistent, intense feelings of hopelessness and a lack of interest in daily activities.
For instance, the sadness following failing an exam may be distressing but tends to diminish over time as individuals cope. In contrast, depression often persists for an extended period without a clear external trigger, impacting overall functioning. Recognising these distinctions is crucial for understanding the importance of seeking professional help if persistent and severe depressive symptoms arise.
What are the different types of depression?
Depression comes in different forms, each presenting with distinct symptoms. The most common ones in the UK are:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
MDD is characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest and other depressive symptoms that significantly impact daily life.
Dysthymia
Dysthymia involves chronic low-grade depression lasting for at least two years, often accompanied by milder symptoms than MDD.
Postpartum Depression
Occurring after childbirth, involves intense feelings of sadness, anxiety and exhaustion. It can affect the ability to care for oneself and the newborn. It can affect both parents. Read our resource on perinatal and postnatal mental health.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
SAD is a type of depression that occurs at specific times of the year, usually in the winter months when there is less sunlight.
“I felt isolated as my family lived far away and I didn’t have a circle of friends. I experienced a bereavement and struggled with depression for many years. The isolation and depression made me even more reluctant to reach out for help because I didn’t have any confidence and didn’t like the thought of being around people.”
David, who battled depression and isolation shares his journey with Change Mental Health. Read more about his story here.
I have been diagnosed with depression. How do I manage it?
Effectively managing depression involves a combination of self-care strategies and seeking professional support. Identifying triggers, establishing routines and incorporating healthy lifestyle choices are crucial. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques, such as meditation or grounding, can help alleviate stress.
Setting realistic goals, breaking tasks into smaller steps and practising self-compassion contribute to a more manageable mindset. Connecting with a mental health professional, such as a therapist or counsellor, allows for healthy coping strategies and provides a supportive space to explore and address underlying issues contributing to depression.
What kind of therapy is usually used?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a widely used and evidence-based therapy for depression. It focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and behaviours to develop healthier coping mechanisms.
Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) is another effective therapeutic approach, particularly for individuals dealing with intense emotions and interpersonal difficulties. It’s like CBT, but with a stronger focus on regulation your emotions rather than changing your thought processes.
In many cases, a combination of therapies like CBT, DBT and medication may be recommended for optimal results. Medication will get you to a point, but it’s important to access early intervention and prevention services that can help symptoms of depression.
How do I support someone with depression?
Supporting a person with depression requires empathy, patience and open communication. Listening without judgement and validating their feelings is essential. Encourage them to share their experiences and feelings while offering reassurance and understanding.
Assist in identifying coping mechanisms and encourage the practice of self-care, which could include workouts to improve wellbeing. Be mindful of their triggers and help to create a supportive environment. If appropriate, accompany them to therapy sessions or medical appointments. Importantly, avoid dismissing or trivialising their concerns. Your presence, understanding and encouragement can play a significant role in their journey towards managing depression. If their symptoms are severe, encourage them to seek professional help. You can check the NHS website for more information about this.
contact
Our Advice and Support Service is open Monday to Friday, 10 am to 4 pm (closed for lunch between 12.30pm and 1.30pm), where advisers can signpost you to local support that most fits your needs, including our Change Mental Health services. We offer initial advice on money worries and help to deal with emergencies.
Contact 0808 8010 515, email us at advice@changemh.org or fill out the enquiry form on the Advice and Support Service page.
