mental health in military personnel 

Common mental health difficulties that military personnel face are: 

Anxiety and Depression: are the most common mental health challenges faced by military personnel. Anxiety may present as persistent worry, tension or panic, while depression can include prolonged low mood, loss of interest in activities, fatigue and feelings of hopelessness. 

Sleep disturbances: Disordered sleep is widespread and may include insomnia, nightmares or disrupted sleep cycles – often linked to trauma. 

Substance misuse: Some veterans might use alcohol or drugs to cope with stress or trauma.  

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): PTSD can develop after exposure to traumatic events. It may manifest through flashbacks, avoidance, emotional numbing, hyperarousal and difficulty concentrating or feeling safe. 

Moral injury and potentially morally injurious events  

Moral injury refers to the psychological, emotional or spiritual distress resulting from actions (or inaction) that violate a person’s deeply held moral beliefs. Unlike PTSD, it is not a formal diagnosis but is strongly associated with poor mental health. 

Examples of potentially morally injurious events: 

• Witnessing or being involved in the mistreatment of civilians or prisoners 
• Carrying out or witnessing acts that violate rules of engagement 
• Failing to prevent harm to comrades or civilians 
• Feeling betrayed by leadership or comrades. 

barriers to accessing mental health support

Stigma – Internal and External

• Self-stigma: Many veterans internalise the belief that struggling with mental health reflects personal weakness. This can lead to shame, denial or reluctance to seek help. 
• Social stigma: Concerns about being judged by peers, family or society can discourage help-seeking.  

Military culture and fear of consequences

• Tough mentality: Emotional resilience is a core military value. As a result, many veterans feel that acknowledging psychological distress is incompatible with the expectations of their role. 
• Impact on career and reputation: Many veterans worry that disclosing a mental health problem will affect career opportunities or relationships. 

 Lack of awareness and understanding

• Not recognising symptoms: PTSD and CPTSD can manifest in complex and sometimes subtle ways. Veterans may not realise their experiences (e.g., hypervigilance, irritability, emotional numbness) are symptoms of a treatable condition. 
• Uncertainty about services: After leaving the military, many veterans are unaware of available support or how to access it – particularly services tailored specifically to their needs. 

gender and ethnic minorities in the armed forces community 

It’s important to recognise the veteran community as highly diverse. Understanding the varied backgrounds, experiences and needs within the veteran community is essential to providing support. Out of the armed forces in the UK:  

• 11.7% are women 
• 11.2% identify as having an ethnic background other than white. 

I work in the armed forces. How do I support myself mentally?

While the physical and mental demands of being in the armed forces can be huge, it’s essential to take proactive steps to support your mental health while serving. Here are some strategies to help: 

Recognise the signs

Be aware of the common symptoms of mental health issues, such as persistent sadness, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and changes in sleep or appetite. Early recognition and intervention are key. 

Seek professional help

Do not delay reaching out for help until you reach a crisis moment. There are many military organisations that have confidential counselling services available, which you can find at the end of this webpage.  

Build a support network

Stay connected with family, friends or colleagues. Social support can provide emotional comfort and practical help.  

Practice self-care

Engage in activities that promote relaxation and wellbeing, such as exercise, mindfulness or hobbies.

I am a veteran. How can I support myself? 

Transitioning to civilian life after serving in the armed forces can be challenging. Veterans may experience a range of emotions and difficulties during this period. Here are ways to support your mental health as a veteran: 

Stay connected: Maintain relationships with fellow veterans who understand your experiences. Peer support can be incredibly valuable. You might want to visit the Veterans Community Cafe if you are in Edinburgh or other services listed at the bottom of this page. 

Plan your transition: If you are transitioning to civilian life, plan ahead. Seek career counselling and transition assistance programmes to help you adjust. 

Monitor your health: Keep regular appointments with healthcare providers and be proactive about addressing any health concerns, including mental health. 

Find purpose: Engage in meaningful activities, whether it’s a new job, volunteer work or a hobby. Having a sense of purpose can improve mental wellbeing. 

How do I support others? 

Supporting someone in the armed forces or a veteran struggling with mental health issues can be immensely valuable. Here are some ways you can offer your support: 

Listen without judgement: Offer a non-judgmental ear to those who may be struggling. Sometimes, just being there to listen can make a big difference. 

Encourage professional help: Gently encourage them to seek professional support if they are reluctant to do so. Offer to help them find resources or accompany them to appointments. 

Be patient and understanding: Recovery from mental health issues can take time. Be patient and continue to offer your support. 

Peer support: Consider joining a peer support group. Sharing experiences with fellow military personnel who understand your challenges can provide significant emotional support and practical advice. 

Look for warning signs: Be aware of warning signs, such as withdrawal, dissociation, changes in mood or behaviour and talk of self-harm. If you notice these, encourage them to seek immediate help and offer your assistance in doing so. 

Our Advice and Support Service is open Monday to Friday, 10am to 4pm (closed for lunch between 12.30pm and 1.30pm), where advisers can signpost you to local support that most fits your needs, including our Change Mental Health services. We offer initial advice on money worries and help to deal with emergencies.

Contact 0808 8010 515, email us at advice@changemh.org or fill out the enquiry form on the Advice and Support Service page.

Other support

Veterans First Point Scotland is a service designed by veterans to support veterans. They provide a range of support services. 

Combat Stress provides mental health services to veterans across the UK. They offer a 24-hour Helpline at 0800 138 1619. 

SSAFA (Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families Association) provides lifelong support to serving men and women and veterans from the British Armed Forces and their families. You can call them at 0800 260 6780.