Depression
We all experience periods of sadness or low mood, but depression goes beyond these fleeting emotions. Depression is a mental health condition that can impact every aspect of life.
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in the world. According to See Me, Scotland’s anti-stigma programme, one in ten people in Scotland are diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives.
Depression can often be challenging to identify, given the stigma and confusion surrounding the definition of the term. When left untreated, it can lead to severe consequences. Depression can affect personal relationships, work or even cause feelings of self-harm or suicidal thoughts. Open conversations and education about depression are crucial to creating a supportive community that encourages early intervention and effective management.
Common myths
depression is just a prolonged period of sadness
Depression is a mental health condition with various symptoms, not just mere sadness. It requires professional attention and a holistic approach to treatment.
only ‘weak’ people experience depression
Depression is not a reflection of character but an interplay of genetic, environmental and biological factors. Understanding and addressing depression involves acknowledging it as a medical condition that requires compassion and support.
people with depression can ‘snap out of it’ if they try hard enough
Depression is not a sign of weakness or a condition that can be overcome by willpower alone. While individuals can adopt coping strategies, seeking professional support is crucial for effective management.
Causes
Depression can be caused by various factors, including:
- Genetic factors: Family history of depression or other mental health conditions may increase the risk of developing depression.
- Brain chemistry imbalances: Imbalances in neurotransmitters can contribute to depression, which is why people take antidepressants.
- Trauma and stress: Traumatic experiences that result from difficult life events, like childhood adversity, money worries or chronic stress, can trigger depression.
- Physical health issues: Chronic illnesses, chronic pain, physical health and overdosing on medication (even antidepressants) can be linked to depression.
Symptoms
The symptoms of depression vary among individuals and may include:
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Changes in appetite or body
- Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia)
- Fatigue and lack of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Delusions and hallucinations, such as hearing voices.
How is depression different from sadness?
Depression and sadness differ in duration, intensity and underlying causes. While sadness is a normal and temporary emotional response to specific events (e.g., failure, loss), depression is a mental health condition marked by persistent, intense feelings of hopelessness and a lack of interest in daily activities.
For instance, the sadness following failing an exam can be distressing but tends to diminish over time as individuals cope. In contrast, depression often persists for an extended period without a clear external trigger, impacting overall functioning. Recognising these distinctions is crucial for understanding the importance of seeking professional help if persistent and severe depressive symptoms arise.
What are the different types of depression?
Depression comes in different forms, each presenting with distinct symptoms. The most common ones in the UK are:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
MDD is characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest and other depressive symptoms that significantly impact daily life.
Dysthymia
Dysthymia involves chronic low-grade depression lasting for at least two years, often accompanied by milder symptoms than MDD.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
SAD is a type of depression that occurs at specific times of the year, usually in the winter months when there is less sunlight.
Postpartum Depression
Occurring after childbirth, it involves intense feelings of sadness, anxiety and exhaustion. It can affect the ability to care for oneself and the newborn, and impact both parents.
“I felt isolated as my family lived far away and I didn’t have a circle of friends. I experienced a bereavement and struggled with depression for many years. The isolation and depression made me even more reluctant to reach out for help because I didn’t have any confidence and didn’t like the thought of being around people.”
David, who battled depression and isolation shares his journey with Change Mental Health. Read more about his story here.
I have been diagnosed with depression. How do I manage it?
Effectively managing depression involves a combination of self-care strategies and seeking professional support.
Treating depression usually involves talking therapies, for example:
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a widely used and evidence-based therapy for depression. It focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and behaviours to develop healthier coping mechanisms.
- Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) is another effective therapeutic approach, particularly for individuals dealing with intense emotions and interpersonal difficulties. It’s like CBT, but with a stronger focus on regulation your emotions rather than changing your thought processes.
In many cases, a combination of therapies like CBT, DBT and medication may be recommended for optimal results. Medication will get you to a point, but it’s important to access early intervention and preventative services that can help symptoms of depression.
Taking care of yourself is an important part of managing depression. Some helpful strategies include:
- Identify your triggers
Recognise situations or feelings that worsen your mood so you can better prepare or cope. - Establish routines and healthy habits
Create a daily schedule that includes regular sleep, balanced meals and physical activity to support overall wellbeing. - Practice mindfulness and relaxation
Mindfulness techniques like meditation, deep breathing or grounding exercises can help reduce stress and bring calm. - Set realistic goals and practice self-compassion
Break larger tasks into smaller, manageable steps and be kind to yourself throughout the process.
How do I support someone with depression?
Supporting a loved one can sometimes feel difficult, however your understanding and support can make a big difference. Here are some tips on what you can do to be there for someone:
- Show empathy, patience and keep communication open
- Listen without judgement and validate their feelings
- Encourage them to share their experiences and offer reassurance
- Help identify coping strategies and support self-care (like exercise)
- Be aware of their triggers and create a safe, supportive environment
- Offer to accompany them to therapy or medical appointments if they want
- Avoid dismissing or minimising their concerns
- If symptoms are severe, gently encourage seeking professional help.
contact
Our National Advice and Support Service can help you and people you care for with mental health concerns and money worries.
We can link and signpost you to relevant local and national support, including our own Change Mental Health services, as well supporting with debt, grants and benefits.
The service is open Monday to Friday, 10am to 4pm (closed for lunch between 12.30pm to 1.30pm). Contact 0808 8010 515, email advice@changemh.org or fill in the form on the service webpage.
For full details about the service, visit the National Advice and Support Service webpage.
other support
Breathing Space
Breathing Space is a free, confidential service for people in Scotland experiencing low mood, depression or anxiety. Breathing Space advisers are available to contact by phone on 0800 83 85 87 if you need to talk. Calls are free and won’t show up on your bills. The Breathing Space phoneline is available 24 hours at weekends (6pm Friday to 6am Monday), and 6pm to 2am on weekdays (Monday to Thursday).
