Content Warning: Quoting of slur is written for informational purposes.

Myths

Causes

Symptoms

Support others

Causes of autism

Autism is a condition with no single known cause. It is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but there is no known specific cause for autism.

It’s important to note that autism is not caused by bad parenting, trauma and vaccines.

Symptoms of autism

While the symptoms of autism can vary, here are four key characteristics often associated with autism:

Social Challenges 

• Difficulty in social interactions and communication 
• Struggles in developing and maintaining relationships 

Communication Differences 

• Challenges in initiating and sustaining conversations 

Repetitive movements or activities 

• Insistence on sameness or resistance to change 
• Very intense focus on specific, often unusual, topics or objects 

Sensory Sensitivities 

• Increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli (e.g. loud sounds, strong smells)

Autism is not a ‘disorder’. As such, there is no ‘cure’ or ‘therapy’ for autism. However, recent studies do show that autistic people are more likely to have anxiety and suicidal thoughts.

This has nothing to do with their autism diagnosis but because of the misunderstandings and experiences that autistic people face. This could range from bullying to social isolation, which often leads to mental health conditions like depression.

How can I support the autistic community?

Mind your language

One way that we can support the autistic community is through the language that we use. Here are some things to note about discussing about autism and autistic people:

• Avoid calling it a ‘disorder’: As mentioned earlier, you might be familiar with the term Autistic Spectrum Disorder or ASD. However, it is important to destigmatise the idea that autism is a disorder. Recent clinicians and the autistic community have been shifting to using more inclusive language. Instead, you can simply say autism.
• Say ‘autistic person’ instead of ‘person with autism’: Studies show that autistic people prefer ‘autistic person/people’ as it is less patronising and discriminatory. However, it is important to ask how people like to be referred to, just like with names or pronouns.
• Don’t say ‘high-functioning’, ‘low-functioning’, ‘severe’, ‘moderate’, ‘mild’ + autism: There are no set levels when it comes to autism. Some people might struggle with communication while someone else might have difficulty focusing. Instead, focus on the specific needs of the autistic person.
• Don’t say that someone looks autistic: Autism does not have a look, nor can anyone look autistic. Autistic people look different in the same way that people around the world look different.
• Don’t say the r-word: Words like ‘retard’ or ‘retarded’ are slurs. Remember to be sensitive when it comes to language surrounding autism.

Be informed

It’s important to know that, even though autism itself is not called a disorder, people with autism might have mental health conditions. If you or someone you know shows signs of these conditions, getting a diagnosis is a key step to finding support. This helps in understanding and addressing any challenges for better wellbeing such as providing additional support in school or the workplace.

For instance, there are certain ways you can support the autistic community at work. This could include giving reasonable adjustments, such as allowing them additional flexibility in their work schedule or providing a quiet and designated workspace to accommodate sensory sensitivities.

Promoting clear communication channels (e.g. being direct about what’s expected of you) can contribute significantly to their success. Establishing mentorship programmes or support networks within the organisation can help provide guidance and assistance, fostering a sense of belonging and professional growth. 

Stand up for others

Taking a proactive stance in support of individuals is critical. This involves not only recognising neurodiversity but also actively advocating for an inclusive society where everyone is treated with respect and understanding.

Autistic people are protected under the Equality Act 2010, which means that discrimination against autistic people is illegal. If you or anyone you know is experiencing discrimination based on autism, it is essential to be aware of your or their rights and act.