Eating disorders
Many of us have faced societal pressures related to body image, leading to moments of concern about our eating habits. However, when these concerns become persistent and disruptive, they may indicate an eating disorder.
Eating disorders can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. According to leading eating disorders charity BEAT, 1.25 million people in the United Kingdom have some form of eating disorder. It’s also estimated that members of the LGBTQ+ community are up to three times more likely to develop an eating disorder.
It’s crucial to address these issues openly to encourage understanding and ensure support for those affected, helping prevent escalation into more severe conditions.
Spotting the signs of an eating disorder can be challenging due to the stigma surrounding body image and mental health. If left unaddressed, eating disorders can lead to severe health complications, including certain mental health conditions, self-harm and suicidal thoughts.
It’s essential to create a safe and supportive environment for those who might be living with eating disorders and their loved ones. By discussing these topics openly, we can better understand their challenges and provide them with the necessary support.
common myths about eating disorders
eating disorders
only affect women
They affect men too. Around 25% of people with eating disorders are male with a rising trend of hospital admissions for boys and young men.
eating disorder
is a lifestyle choice
Eating disorders are legitimate mental health challenges that need to be taken seriously. Around 20% die prematurely from their illness and it can have long-term effects on people’s wellbeing.
eating disorder
is a cry for attention
Shrugging it off can exacerbate eating disorders. Acknowledging and addressing them, whether through self-help strategies or professional support, is crucial for finding effective ways to cope and move forward.
Causes and risk factors
There is not one singular cause. Eating disorders can stem from various factors, including:
Genetic factors: A family history of eating disorders may increase an individual’s susceptibility.
Psychological factors: Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or even low self-esteem, can contribute to the development of eating disorders. Similarly, some conditions can co-occur with eating disorders, such as bipolar, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Eating disorders can also lead to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and vice versa.
Societal pressures: Unrealistic beauty standards and societal expectations can impact body image and trigger unhealthy relationships with food.
Trauma: Past traumatic experiences, such as abuse or bullying, may contribute to the development of eating disorders as a coping mechanism and lead to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Personality traits: Certain personality traits, such as perfectionism or a desire for control, may indicate a vulnerability to eating disorders.
Life changes: Developments in life such as being diagnosed with diabetes or being pregnant can lead to eating disorders. Even after giving birth, the development of perinatal and postnatal mental health can co-occur with eating disorders.
It’s important to note that being neurodivergent can contribute to developing an eating disorder, especially for autistic people, who may have sensory issues leading to developing ARFID – Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Research suggests that up to 30% of those diagnosed with anorexia are autistic.
Symptoms
The symptoms of eating disorders vary and not everyone will experience the same signs. Some common indicators may include:
- Obsession with body weight and shape
- Severe restriction or excessive consumption of food
- Purging behaviours, such as vomiting or excessive exercise
- Distorted body image
- Social withdrawal
What are the different types of eating disorders?
Eating disorders encompass various conditions, each presenting distinct symptoms. Some of the most common types include:
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa involves deliberately restricting food intake and engaging in excessive exercise to maintain an extremely low body weight, often accompanied by a distorted body image and a desire for control.
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa is characterised by recurring cycles of binge eating followed by purging behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting or excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain, impacting both physical and mental wellbeing.
Binge Eating Disorder
Binge Eating Disorder entails consuming large quantities of food in a short time, leading to discomfort, without compensatory purging behaviours, often resulting in feelings of guilt and shame.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Characterised by limited food preferences, avoidance of certain foods or textures and restrictions in overall food intake that can result in nutritional deficiencies, weight loss and difficulties in daily functioning. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID is not driven by concerns about weight or body shape.
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)
OSFED is a common diagnosis for individuals not fitting specific eating disorder criteria, serving to cope with emotions and assert control over their lives.
How do I manage my eating disorder?
Effectively managing an eating disorder involves a combination of self-care strategies and seeking professional support. Firstly, identifying and understanding triggers is crucial. This self-awareness enables individuals to anticipate and prepare for challenging situations.
Next, developing a routine that includes balanced meals, regular exercise and emotional support can positively impact overall wellbeing. Therapeutic techniques, such as mindfulness, grounding and cognitive-behavioural strategies, may aid in addressing unhealthy thought patterns.
You can also set realistic goals, break tasks into smaller steps and practice positive self-talk to contribute to a more manageable mindset. Most importantly, you need to connect with a mental health professional, such as a therapist or dietitian. Discussing these with professionals allows you to for healthy coping strategies and provides a supportive space to explore and address underlying issues contributing to the eating disorder.
What kind of therapy is usually used for eating disorders?
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is often recommended as a primary therapeutic approach for eating disorders. It focuses on identifying and challenging distorted thoughts and behaviours related to food, body image and self-worth.
Other therapies such as Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and nutritional counselling can help with emotional regulation and coping strategies, as well as guiding you towards a healthier relationship with food and eating habits.
However, individualised treatment plans, which may include a combination of therapies and, in some cases, medication can be essential. Consulting with a medical professional can help determine the most suitable approach for an individual’s needs.
How do I support someone with an eating disorder?
If you know someone struggling with an eating disorder, it can be challenging and scary. Supporting such a person requires empathy, patience and open communication. Start by expressing your concerns and asking if there is anything you can do to help. It is essential to listen without judgement and validate their feelings.
Learning about eating disorders can provide insight into their struggles, help identify coping mechanisms and promote self-care. Suggest talking to a GP and offer support in doing so. Offer support and encouragement in all their efforts to make positive changes, no matter how small and try to maintain support. Remember that families, friends, and colleagues need support, help and encouragement to help those struggling with eating disorders, so when appropriate, check in with their loved ones.
If their symptoms are severe, encourage them to seek professional help. You can check reputable mental health resources for more information on supporting individuals with eating disorders on the NHS website.
contact
Beat is a leading charity for eating disorder support and our support page lists places you can contact if you need urgent help.
Organisations like SupportED or NEEDS offer various forms of support, including peer support groups, befriending and support for carers of people diagnosed with eating disorders.
Our Advice and Support Service is open Monday to Friday, 10am to 4pm (closed for lunch between 12.30pm and 1.30pm), where advisers can signpost you to local support that most fits your needs, including our Change Mental Health services. We offer initial advice on money worries and help to deal with emergencies.
Contact 0808 8010 515, email us at advice@changemh.org or fill out the enquiry form on the Advice and Support Service page.
